Asian Journal of Research in Surgery

This literature review aims to synthesize the current knowledge on the definition and differentiation of acute and chronic refractory sinusitis, assess the existing protocols for managing these cases, and explore recent updates and advances in conservative techniques. Acute sinusitis is a common condition, often triggered by viral infections, and typically resolves with conservative treatments such as antibiotics, decongestants, and supportive care. A meta-analysis of antibiotic therapy for acute sinusitis provided insight into the efficacy of various antibiotic regimens. Current protocols for refractory chronic sinusitis encompass a range of therapeutic options. Nasal corticosteroids, such as fluticasone and budesonide, play a central role in mitigating inflammation and alleviating symptoms. Ongoing research endeavors will play a vital role in translating these discoveries into practical improvements in patient outcomes and the overall quality of care for refractory sinusitis.