A Prospective Study on Non-Operative Management of Solid Organ Injuries in Blunt Abdominal Trauma Patients

Binoy Kumar Behera *

Department of General Surgery, PDU Medical College & Hospital, Rajkot, India.

Hetvi Marsonia

Department of General Surgery, PDU Medical College & Hospital, Rajkot, India.

Jatin. G. Bhatt

Department of General Surgery, PDU Medical College & Hospital, Rajkot, India.

Jignesh P. Dave

Department of General Surgery, PDU Medical College & Hospital, Rajkot, India.

J.G. Vagadia

Department of General Surgery, PDU Medical College & Hospital, Rajkot, India.

*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.


Abstract

Introduction: Following injury to the extremities and head, abdomen is the third most commonly injured part of the body. Blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) is particularly deceptive because of the delay in clinical manifestations for hours or even days, even though the damage to the internal organs might be serious and lethal. The road traffic accident (RTA) is the most common mode of injury to cause blunt abdominal trauma. Diagnostic modalities like FAST and CT scans have caused a significant change in trends regarding management from surgical to a more conservative approach. Our current research aimed at examining the pattern of blunt injury to the abdomen, the mode of injury, and the involvement of various abdominal solid organs, investigating various investigational modalities and their use in the management of blunt abdominal trauma, and examining post-traumatic management with regard to non-operative treatment modality.

Materials and Methods: This prospective study is based on 100 cases of Blunt abdomen trauma who presented in P.D.U. Medical College & Hospital, Rajkot with respect to clinical presentation, investigations, management and outcome. Results and outcomes are depicted in various tables and figures.

Results: In the present study, demographic data like age and sex, the mode of injury, commonly injured solid organs, management done and the associated other treatment parameters was observed and compared. It was found that Blunt abdominal trauma commonly involves young males in the age group of 20 - 30 years. RTA is found to be the most common mode of injury. Liver was the most commonly injured solid organ followed by spleen. Around 27% of total cases have associated other organ system injuries in addition to blunt trauma to abdomen. Non-operative management was successful in 92 out of 100 patients with an average length of the hospital stay around 6 days.

Conclusion: Peak incidence of Blunt trauma abdomen is in young males and productive age population. All abdominal solid organ injuries can be given a trail of non-operative management whenever the patient is stable. Liver and spleen have favorable outcome when managed conservatively. Non-operative management is widely accepted in hemodynamically stable blunt abdominal trauma patients.  The basic principle of non-operative management is close clinical follow-up of the patient. The non-operative treatment efficacy in well in this study regardless of the type of injury. Early diagnosis, aggressive resuscitation and timely surgical intervention may improve the outcomes for trauma patients.

Keywords: Organ injuries, abdominal trauma, road traffic accident, abdominal injuries, haemorrhage


How to Cite

Behera, Binoy Kumar, Hetvi Marsonia, Jatin. G. Bhatt, Jignesh P. Dave, and J.G. Vagadia. 2024. “A Prospective Study on Non-Operative Management of Solid Organ Injuries in Blunt Abdominal Trauma Patients”. Asian Journal of Research in Surgery 7 (2):196-205. https://journalajrs.com/index.php/AJRS/article/view/213.


References

Chandar Agrawal, Rishi Jindal, Sujoy Mukherjee. A clinical study of blunt trauma abdomen with respect to management and outcome in a tertiary care hospital. International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research. 2020;7(5):E12-E16.

Nada Mohamed, Elgohary, Hatem, Abou-Ahmed, Ramadan, 2017/01/01,1,6, Evaluating the Conservative Management of Blunt Abdominal Trauma; A Prospective Study. Ain Shams Journal of Surgery. 2017;16:178114. DOI: 10.21608/asjs

Kissoon, Andrea, Marisa Seepersaud, Pradeep Ramkoomar. Non-operative management of High-grade renal injuries in children: A review of two cases seen at the georgetown public hospital corporation. Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research. 2019;30(12):23-24. https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2019/v30i1230263

Joshi DR, Kanase VV, Katkar A. Effect of initial antibiotic therapy in patients with blunt abdominal trauma, Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International. 2022;34(17A):1–7. DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2022/v34i17A35746

Bouzat P, Valdenaire G, Gauss T, Charbit J, Arvieux C, Balandraud P, Bobbia X, David JS, Frandon J, Garrigue D, Long JA. Early management of severe abdominal trauma. Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain Medicine. 2020 Apr 1;39(2):269-77.

Hildebrand F, Winkler M, van Griensven M, Probst C, Musahl V, Krettek C, Pape HC. Blunt abdominal trauma requiring laparotomy: An analysis of 342 polytraumatized patients. European Journal of Trauma. 2006 Oct;32:430-8.

Meena HC, Vyas CM, Mewara BC, Meena A, The study of blunt trauma abdomen: Conservative management and outcome. Int. J. Med. Sci. Educ. 2019;6(4):96-98.

Okuş A, Sevinç B, Ay S, Arslan K, Karahan Ö, Eryılmaz MA. Conservative management of abdominal injuries. Ulus Cerrahi Derg. 2013 Dec 1;29(4):153-7. DOI: 10.5152/UCD.2013.2300. PMID: 25931868; PMCID: PMC4382820

Stassen NA, Bhullar I, Cheng JD, Crandall M, Friese R, Guillamondegui O, et al. Nonoperative management of blunt hepatic injury: An eastern association for the surgery of trauma practice management guideline. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012;73:288- 293.

Raza et al. Non operative management of abdominal trauma – a 10 years review. World Journal of Emergency Surgery. 2013;8:14.

Umare GM, Sherkar N, Motewar A. Study of clinical profile and management of blunt abdominal trauma. International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research. 2018;5:5-9.

Rahman S, Das PP. A retrospective clinical study on blunt trauma abdomen and its management. Int Surg J. 2018;5:2582-7.

Anarase S, Anarase YS. Clinical profile of traumatic abdominal injuries: Cross sectional study at tertiary care center. MedPulse International Journal of Surgery. 2019;11:35-37.

Cox EF. Blunt abdominal trauma. Ann Surg. 1984;199:467-74.

Tripathi MD, Shrivastava RD. Blunt abdominal trauma with special reference to early detection of visceral injuries. US. 1991;53(5):179-84.

Swami S, Roy MR, Viswanathan P, Baskran V. Non operative management of solid organ injury due to BTA. Internt J Surg. 2008;15(2):56-61.

Shah JD, Shah TA, Modi JB. Blunt abdominal trauma severity scoring system: Exceptional score in blunt abdominal trauma management. Int J Recent Surg Med Sci. 2023;9:71–6. DOI: 10.25259/IJRSMS-2022-4-20