The Effects on Surgical Gastorintestinal Diseases Urgent Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic

David Alejandro Malo Ocampo *

Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Méxicano Del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.

Nahomi Sharon Siordia Cruz

Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Méxicano Del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.

Jessica Etzai Castillo González

Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Méxicano Del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.

*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.


Abstract

Aim: Know the impact of COVID-19 on emergency gastrointestinal surgeries in Mexico and the world and the possible complications that the pandemic could cause in post-surgical results.

Results: From its beginnings in 2019 in China, until the start of the pandemic declared by the WHO in March 2020, it caused changes in health care.  Following the COVID-19 outbreak, COVID restrictions were implemented in Mexico on March 24, 2020, 26 days after the outbreak. The operation of the emergency surgery service had to continue to avoid an increase in morbidity and mortality in the population, but this was not the case for the elective surgery service, which canceled its activities to focus on the care of the COVID patient. For this reason, knowing the impact that the pandemic has generated in emergency services on perioperative results has been a priority. Systematic reviews have found that around 50% of articles recommend postponing elective surgeries, but 13% do not offer recommendations regarding this, with the conclusion that surgery is postponed as long as possible. There is no discussion of the benefit generated by emergency laparoscopic surgery versus open surgery in gastrointestinal diseases. It is important to note that there is no evidence of aerosolization risk of the virus during pneumoperitoneum and surgery.

Conclusion: During the pandemic there were changes in the health environment, complications were found in patients due to the delay in attending, diagnosing and treating these pathologies, it being of vital importance to initiate in each country a medical-surgical protocol on how to act in the event of a pandemic.

Keywords: COVID-19, emergency surgery, pandemic


How to Cite

Ocampo , David Alejandro Malo, Nahomi Sharon Siordia Cruz, and Jessica Etzai Castillo González. 2023. “The Effects on Surgical Gastorintestinal Diseases Urgent Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic”. Asian Journal of Research in Surgery 6 (2):137-44. https://journalajrs.com/index.php/AJRS/article/view/145.


References

Escribano-Serrano J, Jiménez-Varo E, Casto-Jarillo C, Hormigo-Pozo A, Michán-Doña A. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare provided from Primary Care in a healthcare area. Semergen. 2022;48(6):e41–3.

Ramos-De la Medina A, Torres-Cisneros JR. La cirugía como problema de salud pública en México y el concepto de cirugía global. Cirujano General. 2020;42(1):57–60.

Suárez V, Suarez Quezada M, Oros Ruiz S, Ronquillo De Jesús E. Epidemiology of COVID-19 in Mexico: from the 27th of February to the 30th of April 2020. Rev Clin Esp. 2020;220(8):463–71.

Gormeli Kurt N, Gunes C. How has Covid-19 pandemic affected crowded emergency services? Int J Clin Pract. 2020;74(12).

Rojas-Valenzuela D, Quińonez-Meza M, de correspondencia A, Karely Rojas Valenzuela D. Estudio epidemiológico de pacientes con dolor abdominal agudo no traumático egresados del servicio de urgencias Epidemiological study of patients with acute non-traumatic abdominal pain discharged from the emergency room. Rev Med UAS [Internet]. 2020;10(1).

Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.28960/revmeduas.2007-8013.v10.n1.004

Ugarte MJ. Approach to the patient with abdominal pain. Revista Medica Clinica Las Condes. 2021;32(4):457–65.

Karlafti E, Benioudakis ES, Paramythiotis D, Sapalidis K, Kaiafa G, Didangelos T, et al. Does the covid-19 pandemic affect morbidity and mortality rates of emergency general surgery? A retrospective study from a single-center tertiary greek hospital. Medicina (Lithuania). 2021;57(11).

Madrazo Z, Osorio J, Otero A, Biondo S, Videla S. Postoperative complications and mortality following emergency digestive surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multicenter collaborative retrospective cohort study protocol (COVID-CIR). Medicine (United States). 2021;100(5):E24409.

María FM, Lorena MR, María Luz FV, Cristina RV, Dolores PD, Fernando TF. Overall management of emergency general surgery patients during the surge of the COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of procedures and outcomes from a teaching hospital at the worst hit area in Spain. European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery. 2021;47(3):693–702.

Cano-Valderrama O, Morales X, Ferrigni CJ, Martín-Antona E, Turrado V, García A, et al. Acute Care Surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: Changes in volume, causes and complications. A multicentre retrospective cohort study. International Journal of Surgery. 2020;80:157–61.

Burgard M, Cherbanyk F, Nassiopoulos K, Malekzadeh S, Pugin F, Egger B. An effect of the COVID-19 pandemic: Significantly more complicated appendicitis due to delayed presentation of patients! PLoS One. 2021;16(5 May).

Fransvea P, Di Grezia M, La Greca A, Cozza V, Sganga G. Are emergency surgical patients “collateral victims” of COVID-19 outbreak? Vol. 51, Injury. Elsevier Ltd; 2020;2330–1.

Hogan A. COVID-19 and emergency surgery. Br J Surg. 2020;107(7).

Rausei S, Ferrara F, Zurleni T, Frattini F, Chiara O, Pietrabissa A, et al. Dramatic decrease of surgical emergencies during COVID-19 outbreak. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. 2020;89(6):1085–91.

de Simone B, Chouillard E, Di Saverio S, Pagani L, Sartelli M, Biffl WL, et al. Emergency surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: What you need to know for practice. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. Royal College of Surgeons of England. 2020;102:323–32.

Martínez Caballero J, González González L, Rodríguez Cuéllar E, Ferrero Herrero E, Pérez Algar C, Vaello Jodra V, et al. Multicentre cohort study of acute cholecystitis management during the COVID-19 pandemic. European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery. 2021;47(3):683–92.

Hadjittofi C, Seraj SS, Uddin A, Ali ZJ, Antonas PL, Fisher RJ, et al. Laparoscopic vs open surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: What are the risks? Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2021;103(5):354–9.

D’Urbano F, Fabbri N, Radica MK, Rossin E, Carcoforo P. Emergency surgery in COVID-19 outbreak: Has anything changed? Single center experience. World J Clin Cases. 2020;8(17):3691–6.

Gao Y, Xi H, Chen L. Emergency Surgery in Suspected COVID-19 Patients with Acute Abdomen: Case Series and Perspectives. Annals of Surgery. Wolters Kluwer Health. 2020;272:E38–9.

Bozkurt H, Gür HÜ, Akıncı M, Aslan H, Karakullukçu Ç, Yıldırım D. Evaluation of patients undergoing emergency surgery in a COVID-19 pandemic hospital: A cross-sectional study. Sao Paulo Medical Journal. 2020;138(4):305–9.

Patriti A, Eugeni E, Guerra F. What happened to surgical emergencies in the era of COVID-19 outbreak? Considerations of surgeons working in an Italian COVID-19 red zone. Updates in Surgery. Springer. 202072;309–10.

Bresadola V, Biddau C, Puggioni A, Tel A, Robiony M, Hodgkinson J, et al. General surgery and COVID-19: review of practical recommendations in the first pandemic phase. Surgery Today. Springer. 2020;50:1159–67.

Seretis C, Archer L, Lalou L, Yahia S, Katz C, Parwaiz I, et al. Minimal impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the postoperative morbidity and mortality following emergency general surgery procedures: Results from a 3-month observational period. Med Glas. 2020;17(2):275–8.

Lazzati A, Rousseau MR, Bartier S, Dabi Y, Challine A, Haddad B, et al. Impact of COVID-19 on surgical emergencies: Nationwide analysis. BJS Open. 2021; 5(3).

Palisi M, Massucco P, Mineccia M, Celano C, Giovanardi F, Ferrero A. The disappearing of emergency surgery during the COVID 19 pandemic. Fact or fiction? British Journal of Surgery. John Wiley and Sons Ltd. 2020;107:e508–9.

Tosun Y, Çetin K. General surgery practice under the COVID-19 pandemic: The experience of a pandemic hospital in Istanbul. Ulusal Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi. 2022;28(2):175–9.

Hojaij FC, Chinelatto LA, Boog GHP, Kasmirski JA, Lopes JVZ, Sacramento FM. Surgical Practice in the Current COVID-19 Pandemic: A Rapid Systematic Review. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2020;75:e1923.

Rosa F, Covino M, Sabia L, Quero G, Fiorillo C, Cozza V, et al. Surgical emergencies during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic lockdown: what happened?; 2020.

Pikoulis E, Koliakos N, Papaconstantinou D, Pararas N, Pikoulis A, Fotios-Christos S, et al. The effect of the COVID pandemic lockdown measures on surgical emergencies: experience and lessons learned from a Greek tertiary hospital. World Journal of Emergency Surgery. 2021;16(1).

Reichert M, Sartelli M, Weigand MA, Doppstadt C, Hecker M, Reinisch-Liese A, et al. Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on emergency surgery services—a multi-national survey among WSES members. World Journal of Emergency Surgery. 2020;15(1).